Monthly Archives: March 2014

Five Strategies for Reducing Brain Overwhelm Due to Lyme Disease

screen bugs

For people with Lyme disease or co-infections that feel overwhelmed by light, sound, emotions, or social interactions
by Greg Lee

During summers in my childhood, I was often bothered by all sorts of flying insects that would try to buzz, bite or sting me. Fortunately, we had wire screens on our windows which kept the bugs out. When I was about four years old, I discovered that my scissors were sharp enough to easily cut several holes in the screen. Soon afterwards, insects started flying into my room and bothering me. When I complained to my mom, she found the holes and scolded me about cutting the window screen.

How are holes in a wire screen like a person with Lyme disease that is easily overwhelmed by light, sound, or social gatherings?

Similar to a cut window screen that lets bugs in, your brain stem can get inflamed which can let in too much sensory information
An important filter for the brain which is located at the base of the skull is called the pons. It acts like a screen which receives important stimuli from your eyes, ears, nose, skin, and mouth into your brain and filters out unimportant input. Unfortunately, toxins from Lyme disease, co-infections, or mold can create inflammation in the brain stem. Also, the web of capillaries in the lower part of the head can circulate toxins from infections in the mouth and the sinuses right into the brain and brain stem which can also inflame the pons. Inflammation in the pons and other parts of the brain stem can lead to too much sensory input overwhelming your brain.

Too much simultaneous sensory input into the brain can leave a person feeling overwhelmed
Many people with Lyme disease, co-infections, and/or mold exposure can feel overwhelmed by too much light, loud sounds, or social interactions. These stimuli can feel like a shock going through their brain or entire body. They may try to protect themselves by wearing dark shades, putting in ear plugs, or withdrawing from social events. Prolonged exposure to too much light, sound, or social interaction can leave these people feeling exhausted, irritable, or like a zombie. Fortunately, there are treatments and remedies that can help to eliminate feelings of overwhelm by reducing inflammation in the brain stem.

Anti-inflammatory treatments and remedies can help to reduce feelings of overwhelm
In patients struggling with feeling overwhelmed, inflammation in the brain stem has been detected by electrodermal scanning techniques. As these people undergo treatment and take remedies for reducing inflammation specifically in the brain stem, they report being able to withstand light, sounds, and social interactions with less feelings of overwhelm. Here are five treatments and remedies for reducing underlying brain stem inflammation which can lead to feelings of overwhelm.

Strategy #1 Anti-inflammatory Frequency Specific Microcurrent
Frequency Specific Microcurrent uses very low power electrical currents to reduce inflammation and toxicity1. Patients report significant relief in feeling overwhelmed by sensory input when anti-inflammatory and antitoxin frequencies are combined with frequencies for the clearing the brain stem, mouth, sinuses, and capillaries in the blood brain barrier. In addition to frequencies, cold laser delivered remedies can also help to reduce feeling overwhelmed.

Strategy #2 Cold Laser Delivered Remedies2
Shining a 505 nm cold laser though homeopathic remedies onto the base of the skull have reduced headaches and feelings of pressure quickly in several patients. The homeopathic remedies that have had a noticeable effect on lowering pressure in the head include: Bartonella, Babesia, oxytocin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) from BioPure.eu, and colloidal silver from Argentyn. Follow up electrodermal scans have measured reduced inflammatory compounds in the brain stem. Herbs and supplements can also help to reduce inflammation.

Strategy #3 Liposomal anti-inflammatory herbs and supplements
In order to increase how anti-inflammatory remedies can penetrate into the brain stem, we use ultrasound to make very minute particles of herbs or supplements and then mix them with a lipid or a fat which creates a particle called a liposome3. Liposomal  herbs and their compounds that help to reduce inflammation in the nervous system include: curcuminoid compounds in turmeric4, Bacopa monnieri5, oxymatrine6 and matrine7 compounds in Sophora flavescens, ruscogenin compound in Ophiopogon japonicus8, Acanthopanax senticosus9, hirsutine a compound found in Uncaria rhynchophylla10, and salvianolic acid which is found in salvia root11.

Turmeric is contraindicated in pregnancy and cautioned with weak patients that do not have hypercoagulation12. Sophora is contraindicated in patients with coldness in their stomach13. Ophiopogon is contraindicated in people with cough caused by mucus accumulation, patients with diarrhea and coldness in their stomach. This herb can cause drowsiness so it is cautioned while driving or operating machinery14. Acanthropanax senticosus can increase serum levels of digoxin, can increase the effects of serum barbituates by inhibiting their metabolic breakdown, can stimulate the production of adrenaline, and can increase the efficacy of antibiotics15. Patients with bleeding disorders including hypermenorrhea, hemoptysis, or hematuria should use salvia root with caution16. Liposomal glutathione is also effective at protecting the nervous system17. In addition to liposomal herbs, essential oils can help reduce inflammation in the nervous system.

Strategy #4 Essential Oils and Coconut Oil Detoxification
Using an oral rinse of coconut oil and anti-inflammatory essential oils of frankincense18, furocoumarin free (FCF) bergamot19, and lavender20, helps to remove microbial toxins in the mouth and deliver anti-inflammatory essential oils into the nervous system. A 50:50 combination of coconut oil and essential oils can also be held under the tongue to increase delivery into the sinuses and the nervous system. Cupping also helps to pull out inflammation out of the head.

Strategy #5 Cupping and Bloodletting Draws Out Brain Inflammation
Cupping has been practiced for thousands of years in Asia and the Middle East. When suction cups are placed on the back of the head, they are said to draw toxins to the surface. When this is combined with acupuncture needling, a small quantity of blood is drawn out of the body into the cup. Upon analysis, the extracted blood has been found to be high in toxins21 and inflammatory compounds22. Many treatments and natural remedies can help you to eliminate feelings of overwhelm due to toxic inflammation.

Multiple treatments and remedies can help to reduce overwhelm from nervous system inflammation caused by Lyme and co-infections
Similar to fixing a cut window screen to keep out pesky flying insects, there are multiple treatments and remedies that can help your brain stem to reduce inflammation which helps it to filter out overwhelming sensory input. Electrodermal scans can help to detect changes in inflammatory compounds in the brain stem.

Patients report greater tolerance and ease with light, sound, or social interactions which would have overwhelmed them in the past after receiving anti-inflammatory treatments like Frequency Specific Microcurrent, cold laser delivered homeopathics, and cupping and bloodletting; and remedies like liposomal herbs, liposomal glutathione and essential oils. Since some of these herbs have contraindications and different treatment methods require specialized training, work with a Lyme literate Chinese medicine and essential oil practitioner to develop a safe and effective strategy for your condition.

– Greg

P.S. Do you have experiences where treatment or remedies that helped you to eliminate feelings of overwhelm due to Lyme disease or co-infections? Tell us about it.

>> Next step: Come to our evening lecture: Getting Rid of Lyme Disease in Frederick, Maryland on Monday March 10th at 6pm to learn more about treatments, essential oils, herbs, and homeopathic remedies for reducing brain overwhelm, adenovirus, brucellosis, bartonella, Babesia, Lyme disease, mold, parasites, abnormal fatigue, inflammation, and pain. https://goodbyelyme.com/events/get_rid_lyme

  1. Frequency Specific Microcurrent Advanced Summary Protocols. https://www.frequencyspecific.com/faq.php#protocol
  2. Cowden, L. Change the Terrain to Resolve Disease. 2012 Physician’s Round Table. January 28th, 2012. Tampa, FL.
  3. Alhariri M, Azghani A, Omri A. Liposomal antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2013 Nov;10(11):1515-32. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2013.822860. Epub 2013 Jul 26. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23886421
  4. Funk JL., Frye JB, Davis-Gorman G, Spera AL, Bernas MJ, Witte MH, Weinand ME, Timmermann BN, McDonagh PF, Ritter L. Curcuminoids limit neutrophil-mediated reperfusion injury in experimental stroke by targeting the endothelium. Microcirculation. 2013 Aug;20(6):544-54. doi: 10.1111/micc.12054. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23464666
  5. Williams R., Münch G, Gyengesi E, Bennett L. Bacopamonnieri (L.) exerts anti-inflammatory effects on cells of the innate immune system in vitro. Food Funct. 2014 Feb 26;5(3):517-20. doi: 10.1039/c3fo60467e. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24452710
  6. Dong XQ., Du Q, Yu WH, Zhang ZY, Zhu Q, Che ZH, Chen F, Wang H, Chen J. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Oxymatrine Through Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-kappa B and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activation in Lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 Microglia Cells. Iran J Pharm Res. 2013 Winter;12(1):165-74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24250585
  7. Zhang S., Kan QC, Xu Y, Zhang GX, Zhu L. Inhibitory effect of matrine on blood-brain barrier disruption for the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:736085. doi: 10.1155/2013/736085. Epub 2013 Sep 8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24194630
  8. Guan T., Liu Q, Qian Y, Yang H, Kong J, Kou J, Yu B. Ruscogenin reduces cerebral ischemic injury via NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathway in the mouse model of experimental stroke. Eur J Pharmacol. 2013 Aug 15;714(1-3):303-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.07.036. Epub 2013 Jul 30. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23911884
  9. Jin ML., Park SY, Kim YH, Park G, Lee SJ. Acanthopanax senticosus exerts neuroprotective effects through HO-1 signaling in hippocampal and microglial cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2013 Mar;35(2):335-46. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.01.004. Epub 2013 Jan 14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23395777
  10. Jung HY., Nam KN, Woo BC, Kim KP, Kim SO, Lee EH. Hirsutine, an indole alkaloid of Uncaria rhynchophylla, inhibits inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity and microglial activation. Mol Med Rep. 2013 Jan;7(1):154-8. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1135. Epub 2012 Oct 19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23117160
  11. Chen T., Liu W, Chao X, Zhang L, Qu Y, Huo J, Fei Z. Salvianolic acid B attenuates brain damage and inflammation after traumatic brain injury in mice. Brain Res Bull. 2011 Feb 1;84(2):163-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.11.015. Epub 2010 Dec 4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21134421
  12. Chen, John K., and Tina T. Chen. 2004. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry CA: Art of Medicine Press, Inc., p. 623.
  13. Chen, John K., and Tina T. Chen. 2004. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry CA: Art of Medicine Press, Inc., p. 151.
  14. Chen, John K., and Tina T. Chen. 2004. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry CA: Art of Medicine Press, Inc., pp. 944-945.
  15. Chen, John K., and Tina T. Chen. 2004. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry CA: Art of Medicine Press, Inc., pp. 865-866.
  16. Chen, John K., and Tina T. Chen. 2004. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry CA: Art of Medicine Press, Inc., p. 637.
  17. Zeevalk GD1, Bernard LP, Guilford FT. Liposomal-glutathione provides maintenance of intracellular glutathione and neuroprotection in mesencephalic neuronal cells. Neurochem Res. 2010 Oct;35(10):1575-87. doi: 10.1007/s11064-010-0217-0. Epub 2010 Jun 10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20535554
  18. Siddiqui MZ. Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: an overview. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2011 May;73(3):255-61. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.93507. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22457547
  19. Graziano AC1, Cardile V, Crascì L, Caggia S, Dugo P, Bonina F, Panico A. Protective effects of an extract from Citrus bergamia against inflammatory injury in interferon-γ and histamine exposed human keratinocytes. Life Sci. 2012 Jun 27;90(25-26):968-74. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.04.043. Epub 2012 May 24. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22634580
  20. Hancianu M., Cioanca O, Mihasan M, Hritcu L. Neuroprotective effects of inhaled lavender oil on scopolamine-induced dementia via anti-oxidative activities in rats. Phytomedicine. 2013 Mar 15;20(5):446-52. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.12.005. Epub 2013 Jan 23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23351960
  21. Schockert T. [Observations on cupping. High toxin concentration in blood from cupping]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2009 Jun 4;151(23):20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19591347
  22. Zhang CQ, Liang TJ, Zhang W. Effects of drug cupping therapy on immune function in chronic asthmatic bronchitis patients during protracted period. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2006 Nov; 26(11) pp. 984-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17186726

Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

How These Three Methods Help to Stop a Stealthy Adenovirus Infection

nested dolls

For people with interstitial cystitis, digestion tract inflammation, or fatigue caused by a stealthy adenovirus infection
by Greg Lee

Have you ever seen a set of nested wooden dolls? As you open the biggest doll and you see a smaller one inside, and another, and another. Eventually, you finally discover the tiniest doll inside.

How are nested dolls similar to an adenovirus infection in a person with Lyme disease?

Similar to a set of nested dolls, viruses can hide within larger germs like Lyme bacteria and parasites1
Adenoviruses are a group of viruses that commonly infect the respiratory system, digestion tract, or other organs. A person infected with this virus can present with: fever, diarrhea, rashes, cystitis (bladder infections), pink eye2, or encephalitis3. People with a weakened immune system, respiratory illness, or cardiac disease are at a higher risk from getting symptoms from an adenovirus infection. Transmission can occur by having close contact with infected people, by touching items that have adenoviruses on them and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes. Given the similar presentation to other bacterial infections, adenovirus can be easily misdiagnosed.

Misdiagnosis of adenovirus patients was greater than 80%
In one study, 88% of children infected with adenovirus were misdiagnosed with a bacterial infection and mistakenly given antibiotics4. Since viruses can be nested within bacterial infections like Lyme disease, antibiotic treatment may actually increase detectable levels of adenovirus.

When larger parasites or bacteria are killed with medications, viral infections have dramatically increased5
In Lyme disease patients that have received extensive antibiotic or anti-parasitic medications, elevated levels of adenovirus have been detected in blood tests and electrodermal scans. If detected in immune compromised patients, they may receive the antiviral medication ribavirin. Unfortunately, ribavirin is not effective against all types of adenovirus.

Adenoviruses employ multiple strategies to evade the immune system and antiviral drugs
Some species of adenovirus are resistant to ribavirin6. Also, adenovirus has the ability to hide within biofilms found on materials used in drinking water systems7. The estimated level of increased antiviral resistance due to biofilms is unknown. Since biofilms may provide an estimated five-thousand fold8 increase to antibiotics, there is likely to be increased antiviral resistance. Since adenoviruses hijack the nucleus of cells to reproduce, they have the ability to disrupt how cells produce immune-modulatory proteins that help to identify viruses, which allows it to escape detection9.

What else besides antiviral medications can help you fight an antiviral resistant, biofilm hiding, and intracellular manipulating adenovirus infection?

Here are three methods for stopping a stealthy adenovirus infection
Fortunately, there are three remedies and treatments that can help to overcome a growing adenovirus infection: essential oils, liposomal antiviral herbs, and Frequency Specific Microcurrent. These methods help to fight antiviral resistant adenovirus species, cut through biofilms, and penetrate into cells and reservoirs where the viruses are causing symptoms.

Strategy #1: Anti-Adenovirus Essential Oils
Two essential oils have been found to inhibit adenoviruses, thyme and cinnamon. Thyme, had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against adenovirus-5 of 50 µl/ml in one lab study10. Thyme essential oil has antibiofilm properties against other microbes11,12. In another lab study, cinnamaldehyde, which is found in high concentrations in essential oils made from two types of cinnamon bark cinnamomum verum and cinnamomum cassia, had a MIC of 0.0195–0.315 mg/mL against adenovirus-3 in another study13. Cinnamon essential oil also has antibiofilm properties against many different biofilms14,15,16,17. Herbs also have anti-adenovirus properties.

Strategy #2: Liposomal Anti-Adenovirus Herbs
In one study, hot water extracts two herbs Pisum sativum, aka garden peas, and Bauhinia variegata leaves and bark, aka Orchid tree, Camel’s Foot Tree or Mountain-ebony, demonstrated half maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of

P. Sativum
143.1 ± 26.1 μg/ml (adenovirus-3)
87.9 ± 11.1 μg/ml (adenovirus-8)
463.9 ± 30.0 μg/ml (adenovirus-11)

B. variegata
190.1 ± 8.9 μg/ml (adenovirus-3)
118.1 ± 10.0 μg/ml (adenovirus-8)
> 500.0 μg/ml (adenovirus-11)18.

In other studies, these herbal compounds inhibited adenovirus-3: cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon19, shikonin from Lithosperm eyrthrorhizon root20, and astragaloside IV from Astragalus membranaceus21. These compounds from sweet basil were effective against multiple types of adenovirus: ursolic acid had an EC50 = 4.2 mg/L on adenovirus-8, apigenin had an EC50 = 11.1 mg/L on adenovirus-3, and linalool had an EC50 = 16.9 mg/L on adenovirus-1122. Ethanol extract of echinacea purpurea inhibited the inflammatory cytokines produce in response to adenovirus-3 and adenovirus-1123.

Processing these herbs into a liposomal mixture increases their ability to penetrate into macrophage cells24, biofilms, joints, and the nervous system25 where adenovirus can hide. Cinnamon is contraindicated in pregnancy, and in cases of excess heat (flushed face, red eyes, dry mouth and tongue) and bleeding26. Lithosperm eyrthrorhizon root is cautioned in people with diarrhea or coldness in the stomach27. Astragalus is contraindicated in cases of excess anger due to liver stagnation, excess heat, coldness in the lower abdomen, lesions caused by excess heat in the blood. This herb is also cautioned in pregnancy28. Sweet basil is contraindicated in pregnancy29. Echinacea is contraindicated in people allergic to ragweed, chrysanthemum, marigolds, or daisies30. In addition to liposomal herbs, Frequency Specific Microcurrent can help eliminate an adenovirus infection.

Strategy #3 Antiviral Frequency Specific Microcurrent
Frequency Specific Microcurrent uses millionth of an amp electrical currents to reduce viral infections and inflammation. Frequencies for reducing viruses, inflammation, and promoting healing are combined with frequencies to target viruses hiding inside organs like the bladder in interstitial cystitis patients, the lungs and heart, and the nervous system in patients with memory and concentration issues. Frequencies can also be used to target intracellular viral infections31. Using multiple remedies and treatment can help to fight off a spreading adenovirus infection.

A combined approach helps to stop a stealthy adenovirus infection
Just like opening up a set of nested dolls to find the tiniest one hidden inside, blood testing or an electro-dermal scan can help to detect an underlying adenovirus infection. Patients that have little improvement on antibiotics for Lyme disease have reported significant relief with anti-adenovirus essential oils, herbs, and frequencies. Persistent symptoms of fatigue and pain and inflammation in the bladder, lungs, digestion system, and nervous system have been markedly reduced with these methods. Since some of these methods have contraindications or cautions or may produce Herxheimer reactions, work with a Lyme literate herbalist and essential oil practitioner to develop a safe and effective strategy for your condition.

– Greg

P.S. Do you have experiences where treatment or remedies helped you eliminate interstitial cystitis, digestion inflammation, or lung congestion from an adenovirus infection? Tell us about it.

>> Next step: Come to our evening lecture: Getting Rid of Lyme Disease in Frederick, Maryland on Monday March 10th at 6pm to learn more about treatments, essential oils, herbs, and homeopathic remedies for adenovirus, brucellosis, bartonella, Babesia, Lyme disease, mold, parasites, abnormal fatigue, inflammation, and pain. https://goodbyelyme.com/events/get_rid_lyme

  1. Klinghardt, D. A Deep Look Beyond Lyme. 2012 Physician’s Round Table. January 28th, 2012. Tampa, FL.
  2. Adenovirus. https://www.cdc.gov/adenovirus/
  3. Viral encephalitis. https://umm.edu/health/medical/reports/articles/viral-encephalitis  
  4. Treatment of Adenovirus Infections. https://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/adeno/2004takahashi/webpage/Treatment%20of%20Adenoviurs%20Infections.htm
  5. Klinghardt, D. A Deep Look Beyond Lyme.
  6. Morfin F., Dupuis-Girod S, Mundweiler S, Falcon D, Carrington D, Sedlacek P, Bierings M, Cetkovsky P, Kroes AC, van Tol MJ, Thouvenot D. In vitro susceptibility of adenovirus to antiviral drugs is species-dependent. Antivir Ther. 2005;10(2):225-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15865216
  7. Helmi K., Menard-Szczebara F, Lénès D, Jacob P, Jossent J, Barbot C, Delabre K, Arnal C. Adenovirus, MS2 and PhiX174 interactions with drinking water biofilms developed on PVC, cement and cast iron. Water Sci Technol. 2010;61(12):3198-207. doi: 10.2166/wst.2010.821. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20555217
  8. Del Pozo JL, Rouse MS, Patel R. Bioelectric effect and bacterial biofilms. A systematic review. Int J Artif Organs. 2008 Sep;31(9):786-95. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18924090
  9. Windheim M., Hilgendorf A, Burgert HG. Immune evasion by adenovirus E3 proteins: exploitation of intracellular trafficking pathways. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2004;273:29-85. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14674598
  10. Horieh Saderi, and Maryam Abbasi, “Evaluation of anti-adenovirus activity of some plants from Lamiaceae family grown in Iran in cell culture,” African Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 10, no. 76, pp. 17546–17550, 2011. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/97908
  11. Soni KA., Oladunjoye A, Nannapaneni R, Schilling MW, Silva JL, Mikel B, Bailey RH. Inhibition and inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium biofilms from polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces by essential oils and phenolic constituent carvacrol. J Food Prot. 2013 Feb;76(2):205-12. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-12-196. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23433366
  12. Desai MA., Soni KA, Nannapaneni R, Schilling MW, Silva JL. Reduction of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on stainless steel and polystyrene surfaces by essential oils. J Food Prot. 2012 Jul;75(7):1332-7. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-517. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22980020
  13. Liu, L. Wei, F.X. Qu, Z.Y. Wang, S.Q. Chen, G. Gao, H. Zhang, H.Y. Shang, L. Yuan, X.H. Wang, Y.C. The antiadenovirus activities of cinnamaldehyde in vitro. Labmedicine, vol. 40, 2009, p.669-674 https://labmed.ascpjournals.org/content/40/11/669.abstract
  14. Al-Radha AS, Younes C, Diab BS, Jenkinson HF. Essential oils and zirconia dental implant materials. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2013 Nov-Dec;28(6):1497-505. doi: 10.11607/jomi.3142. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24278917
  15. Pires RH., Montanari LB, Martins CH, Zaia JE, Almeida AM, Matsumoto MT, Mendes-Giannini MJ. Anticandidal efficacy of cinnamon oil against planktonic and biofilm cultures of Candida parapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis. Mycopathologia. 2011 Dec;172(6):453-64. doi: 10.1007/s11046-011-9448-0. Epub 2011 Jul 15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21761153
  16. Nuryastuti T., van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ, Iravati S, Aman AT, Krom BP. Effect of cinnamon oil on icaA expression and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Nov;75(21):6850-5. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00875-09. Epub 2009 Sep 11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19749058
  17. Oussalah M., Caillet S, Salmiéri S, Saucier L, Lacroix M. Antimicrobial effects of alginate-based films containing essential oils on Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium present in bologna and ham. J Food Prot. 2007 Apr;70(4):901-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17477259
  18. Chiang LC., Cheng HY, Liu MC, Chiang W, Lin CC. Antiviral activity of eight commonly used medicinal plants in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med. 2003;31(6):897-905. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14992542
  19. The antiadenovirus activities of cinnamaldehyde in vitro. p. 669.
  20. Gao H., Liu L, Qu ZY, Wei FX, Wang SQ, Chen G, Qin L, Jiang FY, Wang YC, Shang L, Gao CY. Anti-adenovirus activities of shikonin, a component of Chinese herbal medicine in vitro. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(2):197-202. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415527
  21. Shang L., Qu Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Liu F, Wang S, Gao H, Jiang F. Astragaloside IV inhibits adenovirus replication and apoptosis in A549 cells in vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2011 May;63(5):688-94. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01258.x. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21492171
  22. Chiang LC., Ng LT, Cheng PW, Chiang W, Lin CC. Antiviral activities of extracts and selected pure constituents of Ocimum basilicum. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2005 Oct;32(10):811-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16173941
  23. Sharma M, Anderson SA, Schoop R, Hudson JB. Induction of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines by respiratory viruses and reversal by standardized Echinacea, a potent antiviral herbal extract. Antiviral Res. 2009 Aug;83(2):165-70. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.04.009. Epub 2009 May 3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19409931
  24. Pumerantz A, Muppidi K, Agnihotri S, Guerra C, Venketaraman V, Wang J, Betageri G. Preparation of liposomal vancomycin and intracellular killing of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011 Feb;37(2):140-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2010.10.011. Epub 2010 Dec 3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21130608
  25. Alhariri M, Azghani A, Omri A. Liposomal antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2013 Nov;10(11):1515-32. doi: 10.1517/17425247.2013.822860. Epub 2013 Jul 26. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23886421
  26. Chen, John K., and Tina T. Chen. 2004. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry CA: Art of Medicine Press, Inc., p. 448.
  27. Chen, John K., and Tina T. Chen. 2004. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry CA: Art of Medicine Press, Inc., p. 165.
  28. Chen, John K., and Tina T. Chen. 2004. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry CA: Art of Medicine Press, Inc., p. 850.
  29. Chen, John K., and Tina T. Chen. 2004. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. City of Industry CA: Art of Medicine Press, Inc., p. 511.
  30. Ecinacea. https://nccam.nih.gov/health/echinacea/ataglance.htm
  31. Frequency Specific Microcurrent Advanced Summary Protocols. https://www.frequencyspecific.com/faq.php#protocol

Image courtesy of Fanghong of Wikimedia Commons.